Treatment

Ambulance

Patients with premonitory heat stroke and mild heat stroke can generally return to normal after on-site rescue.

Leave the site environment: Quickly leave the high-temperature and high-humidity environment, transfer to a cool and ventilated place, lay the patient on his back and remove all clothing.

Rapid cooling: Spray with cold water or wipe the whole body with a wet towel, and fan to speed up evaporation and convection heat dissipation.

Condition monitoring: Continuously monitor body temperature.

Ambulance in hospital

Physical cooling

Similar to on-site first aid, body temperature can be adjusted by cold therapy such as lowering the ambient temperature, cooling the head, immersion in cold water, ice caps, ice blankets, and ice packs.

Internal cooling

If in vitro cooling is ineffective, 4°C saline can be used for enema, or sterile saline can be used for peritoneal lavage. In severe cases, hemodialysis can be implemented, or autologous blood can be cooled outside the body and then reinfused back into the body to cool down.

General treatment

Mainly circulation monitoring and fluid resuscitation, such as continuous monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood gas analysis, electrolytes, hourly urine volume and urine color, and monitor central venous pressure (CVP) if necessary. Establish fluid access as soon as possible.

Medical treatment

Due to large individual differences, there is no absolute best, fastest, or most effective medication. Except for commonly used over-the-counter drugs, you should choose the most appropriate drug based on your personal situation under the guidance of a doctor.